近代中外合作办慈善:广东石龙麻风院研究

Modern Sino-foreign Cooperative Charity: A Case Study on Shilong Leprosy Hospital of Guangdong

麻风病是一种古老的恶性传染病,曾在世界范围内肆虐,长期被视为"不治之症"。在近代中国的两广地区患者众多。出于对患者的恐惧和排斥,民众和政府对其坐视不救,甚至采取了屠杀手段。这些患者的悲惨遭遇,引起了在华外国传教士的关注。1912年,来自比利时的孔如古司铎创办了石龙麻风院,在对患者疗身和疗心的同时,还组织患者从事生产劳动。该院的各个社区在民主选举的基础上,实现了民主管理、民主决策、民主监督和社区自治,过着男耕女织、自给自足的生活。石龙麻风院具有收容、慈善、治疗、隔离、劳动、养老与医疗传教等多重功能,成为近代中国麻风院的楷模。

Leprosy is a malignant infectious disease with long history. It had been raging around the world and was considered as 'incurable' for a long time. In modern China history, there were many patients in Guangdong and Guangxi province. They were ignored and even massacred by the public and government out of fear and exclusion, which attracted the attention of foreign missionaries in china. In 1912, a priest, named Louis Lambert Conrarh, founded the Shilong Leprosy Hospital, which provided the patients with physical and mental treatment and engaged them in productive work. The communities in it realized democratic management, democratic decision-making, democratic supervision, and communities autonomy on the basis of democratic elections. Male patients did farm work in the fields while females did weaving at home. They led a self-sufficient life. The Shilong Leprosy Hospital had functions of resettlement, charity, treatment, isolation, laboring, pension, medical missionary and so on. It became a model of Leprosy Hospital in modern China.