哈尔滨地区养殖池塘中除草剂类农药残留及分布特征

Residues and Distribution Characteristics of Herbicides in Aquaculture Ponds in Harbin Area

2016年5—10月,利用GC-MS和LC-MS方法检测了哈尔滨市郊区的淡水养殖池塘表层水体、底泥和周边土壤中7种除草剂的浓度。结果表明:池塘表层水体中除草剂分布在N.D.～1671.30 ng/L,莠去津的残留量最大;池塘表层底泥和周边土壤中除草剂分布在N.D.～270.43μg/kg。莠去津、丙草胺、丁草胺和乙草胺在三种环境介质中的检出率为100%;嗪草酮和乙氧氟草醚检出率较低,2,4-D丁酯在水体中部分检出,在底泥和土壤中的检出率为100%。不同环境介质中除草剂残留量整体表现为:池塘周边土壤中最高,其次为池塘表层底泥,池塘表层水体最低,且养殖水体中除草剂的残留随时间而下降。

The concentrations of seven types of herbicide in upper water,sediment and surrounding soil of a aquaculture pond were determined in 3 ponds in Harbin area from May to October in 2016 by GC-MS and LC-MS.Results showed that the concentrations of seven herbicide in upper water were ranged from N.D.to 1 671.30 ng·L-1,with the maximal residues of herbicide atrazine.Seven herbicide concentrations were found to be varied from N.D.to 270.43μg·kg-1 in sediments and surrounding soil.Atrazine,pretilachlor,butachlor and acetochlor were found in all samples in this study,but the metribuzin and oxyfluorfen were only found in sediment and surrounding soil samples with low relevance ratio.The relevance ratio of 2,4-D butyl ester in sediment and surrounding soil were100%.Herbicide residual concentrations in soil around the pond were the maximum,followed by in sediment,and the minimal in surface water.Herbicide residual concentrations in upper water showed a general trend of descending with time variation.