黄渭洛三河交汇处鱼类重金属污染风险评价

Risk Evaluation of the Heavy Metal Pollution in Fish From the Junction of Yellow River,Weihe River and Luohe River

2017年5月平水期,在黄河、渭河和洛河交汇处通过向垂钓者及渔民购买的形式采集体质量分别在250g、50~100g和50g左右的鲤Cyprinus carpio、鲫Carassius auratus和白条鱼(别称条、鲦、白鲦等,Hemiculter leucisculus)样品,分离骨和肌肉,用硝酸-高氯酸混酸消化后,用原子吸收分光光度计(AAS)和原子荧光法(AFS)测定鱼类样品中Cd、Cr、Cu、Mn、Zn中Hg元素含量,采用重金属单因子污染指数(Pi)评价重金属的污染程度,用危害系数HQ和危害指数HI评价鱼类的食用安全性。结果表明,Cr含量在16.00~62.50mg/kg之间,Cd含量在0.08~3.36mg/kg之间(未检出样品除外),Cu含量在0.15~2.22mg/kg之间,Mn含量在2.23~7.74mg/kg之间,Zn含量在16.39~52.20mg/kg之间,Hg含量在0.0002~0.01mg/kg之间(未检出样品除外)。所采集鱼类样品中Cr、Cd含量明显超标,Cd污染明显。样品的Cr危害系数HQ均大于1,危害指数HI均大于1。本研究认为重金属已经对样品采集区鱼类形成食用健康风险。

The contents of 6 heavy metals(Cd,Cr,Cu,Zn,Hg and Mn)were detected in fish samples of common carp(Cyprinus carpio)with body weight of some 250 g,crucian carp(Carassius auratus)with body weight of 50~100 g and white stripe(Hemiculter leucisculus)with body weight of 50 g.These fishes were collected from the junction of Yellow River,Weihe River and Luohe River during normal water level in May of 2017 by atomic absorption spectrophotometer(AAS)and atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS)after bone and muscle were separated and digested with nitric acid-perchloric acid mixed acid.The pollution levels of the fishes were estimated by single-factor pollution index of heavy metals(Pi),and food risks were evaluated by hazard coefficient(HQ)and hazard index(HI).It was found that the contents of Cd and Cr were in excess of the nation food standard.The Pi values showed that the samples were polluted by Cd,and the HQ of Cr and the HI of all samples were exceeded 1.In conclusion,the heavy metals in the fishes bring out the health risk to human being.