破坏计算机信息系统罪“网络化”转型中的规范结构透视

Norm Structure in Penal Code in the Process of Transforming from Computer-related Crime towards Cybercrime

面对网络攻击复杂化、网端结构变化的现实,经典计算机刑法规范的"网络化"转型不可避免,其中信息安全、网络运行安全的现实问题是关注重点。现有刑法规范中的计算机犯罪条文,从规范要素和要素间结构分析,可分为法益模式、行为模式、行为对象模式、法益与行为对象混合模式四种,在规范"网络化"转型中应采用以问题为导向确定相对最优模式。但在这四种既有模式中已经可以看出规范结构上的不清晰,这形成了计算机犯罪"网络化"的障碍。具体解决路径是补充规范数据视角、补充网络运行安全内容。解决路径落实到规范设置上,采用行为模式作为基本模式可以结合数据视角进行扩展,形成单独数据犯罪规范,以满足网络数据层面的信息安全保护需求;从网络运行层面的刑法规范及其体系化上看,可从行为模式或者法益与行为混合模式入手,经过调整和补充形成内在体系逻辑。

The unavoidable transformation of norms in criminal law that address classic computer-related crime in response to a complicated and changing reality shall start from and keep focused on the reality that new treats arise in the area of information security and internet connect secure. The existing norms in penal code, from a structural component-based approach, can be classified into four categories: norms applying the 'legal interest model', norms applying the 'conduct model', norms applying the 'object of conduct model', and norms applying the 'compound model' that mixes up the concept of legal interest and object of conduct. As for the transformation, we shall adopt a problem-oriented approach in order to select out the optimized model. Merely by presenting these four different models, it is already obvious, that some models lack a clear norm structure that is necessary, which forms an obstacle to the further transformation of norms that address computer-related crime. I propose here a concrete solution, which is, adding a normative view of information security as well as the content of internet connection secure. The result of applying this solution to criminal norms, turns out to be an extension based on the 'conduct model' but combined with a data/information view. In this way, we can have an independent new norm structure model that addresses data/information-related crime rather than the old computer system-related crime. Besides, there will be a more inner integrated legislative system of internet criminal law, if we adopt either the 'conduct model' or the 'compound model'.