农产品流通竞争环境的现状审视与反垄断法规制改进

The Review and Improvement of the Anti-monopoly Legal Regulation in Competition of Circulation of Agricultural Products in China

农产品流通市场是一个被反垄断执法忽略的领域。通过ISCP框架的分析表明:中国农产品流通市场"上弱下强"的结构性因素使下游经销商易于实施限制竞争行为,从而对农业生产者和消费者进行高价盘剥;而中国的农业产业政策与竞争政策并未能如期发挥作用,反而进一步固化了农产品流通中"上弱下强"的顽疾,导致竞争环境进一步恶化。结合国外经验,中国农产品流通市场竞争环境的改进应首先依托于对《反垄断法》农业适用除外条款的再解释;在此基础上,应当改进农业产业政策与竞争政策,一方面对产业上游的农业生产者组织化程度和议价能力进行扶持,另一方面应对产业下游的流通经销商限制竞争行为进行有效规制。

The agricultural product circulation market is a neglected field of antitrust enforcement. The analysis of the ISCP framework shows that the structural factor of 'upstream weak, downstream strong' make downstream distributors easy to implement restrictive competition and thus exploit agricultural producers and consumers at high prices. China’s agricultural industrial policy and competition policy, on the other hand, failed to play a role as scheduled. Instead, it further solidified the ills of structural factors, resulting in a further deterioration of the competitive environment. Based on the experience of other countries, the improvement of competitive environment of China’s agricultural product circulation market should first rely on the reinterpretation of the 'Anti-monopoly Law' on agricultural exception. On this basis, we should improve agricultural industrial policy and competition policy. On one hand, the organization and bargaining power of agricultural producers in upstream should be supported, on the other hand, the distributors’ restricting competition behaviors in downstream should be effectively regulated.