一种都市警政空间的形成 近代上海巡捕房建筑形制演变浅析

The Formation of a Metropolitan Police-Politics Space Analysis of the Evolution of Police Station Architecture in Modern Shanghai

1855年上海建立第一座巡捕房,至1943年,上海共有20座巡捕房。文章首先分析了近代上海巡捕房建筑在选址上与租界扩张的关系;继而分析了伴随租界的发展,巡捕房建筑在规模、功能、空间形制上的变化和特征;通过案例,对三种主要的空间组合形制做了阐释。文章指出,巡捕房这一舶来的警政建筑类型,丰富了近代上海的建筑版图,与上海城市化的进程关系密切;巡捕房建筑影响着市民现代市政观念的初步建立,是近代上海城市化、市政现代化的参与者。

In 1855,the first police station was established in Shanghai.By 1943,there were 20 of them in the city.The article first analyzes the relationship between site selection of the police stationsand expansion of the concessions in Modern Shanghai.It thenstudies,with the development of the concession,the traits and changes inscale,function and spatialform of the police stations.Through case studies,it further elaborates three main spatialforms.The article points out that policestation as an imported police-politics architectural formhas enriched the architectural landscape of Modern Shanghai and is closely related to the process of urbanization in Shanghai.The architecture of police stationinforms the initial establishment of the citizens’concept of modern municipal administration,contributing to the urbanization of modern Shanghai and modernization of municipal administration.