大黑河平原区地下水时空演变及归因辨识分析

Spatio-temporal Variations and Attribution Analysis of Groundwater in Daheihe Plain

针对大黑河平原区地下水超采及其溯源追踪问题,基于2010~2014年的气象、水文及地下水资料,分析了大黑河平原区地下水补排平衡关系及地下水时空演变特征,采用水量平衡法定量分析了降水、地下水开采等要素对该平原区地下水补排平衡的贡献率。结果表明,大黑河平原区地下水位整体下降,市区下降最为显著;地下水变化的主要驱动要素依次为地下水开采(28.76%)>降水入渗补给(23.44%)>潜水蒸发(21.20%)>山前侧渗补给(18.94%);时间上,5~6月地下水开采对地下水变化贡献最大(52%),8~9月降水入渗补给是地下水变化的第一驱动要素(56%);空间上,大黑河平原区大部分区域降水是地下水变化的第一驱动要素,而在市区地下水开采是地下水位变化的主要驱动要素。研究成果可为地下水管理提供技术支撑。

Aiming at the problem of groundwater overexploitation and its traceability in the Daheihe plain,based on the data of meteorology,hydrology and groundwater in 2010-2014,this paper analyzed the relationship between groundwater recharge and discharge balance and the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of groundwater in the Daheihe plain.And then water balance method was used to quantitatively analyze the contribution of the factors such as precipitation,groundwater exploitation to the groundwater recharge and discharge balance in the plain.There are several important findings:The whole groundwater level of the Daheihe plain declined,and the most significant declined in urban areas;The main driving factors for the change of groundwater are groundwater exploitation,precipitation infiltration recharge,phreatic evaporation and lateral recharge in front of the mountain,the contribution rate of them to the change of groundwater is 28.76%,23.44%,21.20%,18.94%,respectively.The groundwater exploitation contributes most to the groundwater change from May to June,with the contribution rate of 52%.The precipitation infiltration recharge is the first driving factor of the groundwater change from August to September,with the contribution rate of 56%.In space,the precipitation is the first driving factor for the change of groundwater in most areas of the Daheihe plain while groundwater exploitation is the main driving factor of the groundwater change in the urban area.The research results can provide technical support for groundwater management.