流域生态补偿“三性”衡量理论研究

Conceptual Approach for Measuring Effectiveness,Efficiency and Equity of Eco-compensation Related to Watershed

流域生态补偿通过将流域生态保护的外部性成本内部化并调整利益相关者的利益关系以协调经济发展和生态保护的矛盾。为有效评价流域生态补偿在水环境管理过程中的绩效,依托公平—效率—有效性的相关性理论,构建了基于效率—公平性均衡关系曲线的流域生态补偿实施可行性情景,并在对彼此相互关系的梳理中衡量生态补偿实施的有效性、效率性和公平性。理论研究表明,理论可行的公平—效率组合对流域生态补偿的实施具有直接促进作用;流域生态补偿的效率不应从成本效益的多寡进行判定,而是从保护环境行为动机的可行性角度(多样化的补偿方式、可执行的补偿机制)来衡量;流域生态补偿的有效性界定有助于权衡生态补偿实施目标公平性和效率间的关系。流域生态补偿利于改变公众保护流域生态的动机、提升政府及其第三方机构对生态保护的认识、实现流域生态共建共享。

The eco-compensation of watershed can coordinate the contradiction between economic development and eco-protection through the internalization of external costs to protect ecosystem,as well as the coordination of stakeholders' interests.Based on the theoretical relativity of effectiveness-efficiency-equity,this paper gave the feasibility analysis of eco-compensation,and positioned eco-compensation schemes on the equity-efficiency interdependency curve.This study can effectively evaluate the performance of watershed eco-compensation in watershed environment management.Based on the study of this paper,the feasible combination of equity-efficiency has a direct effect on the implementation of eco-compensation;the efficiency of eco-compensation in watershed should not be judged from the cost-effectiveness,but from the perspective of the feasibility of protecting environmental behavior motive;the validity judgment of eco-compensation in watershed can help to balance the relationship between equity and efficiency.The eco-compensation of watershed is helpful to change the motive of protecting ecosystem,and to promote the understanding of eco-protection by the government.