基于小型蒸渗仪试验的潜在蒸散发估算方法评价

Evaluation of Potential Evapotranspiration Estimation Method Based on Small Lysimeter Experiments

为了更直接地揭示潜在蒸散发估算方法与实际潜在蒸散发的差异,基于淮北平原五道沟水文水资源实验站2014年8月1日至2015年8月31日的水文气象观测资料,计算Penman系列方法、P-T法、H-S法、FAO24Radiation法及Turc法7种蒸散发估算方法的估算结果,对比相应时间蒸渗仪试验实测潜在蒸散量,评价各模型在该地区的适用性。结果表明,Penman系列估算方法是估算五道沟地区潜在蒸散发最佳的方法,但7种方法均存在较大误差。FAO56P-M方法估算结果与实测值有相对最好的线性关系,但存在10%的低估倾向,同时夏季(6～8月)绝对误差较春秋季有所增加。Turc法及P-T法更适用于缺资料地区长周期潜在蒸散发估算,H-S法及FAO24Radiation法相对不适用于五道沟地区。

Based on a lysimeter evapotranspiration experiment in Wudaogou hydrology and water resources experimental station,the observation potential evapotranspiration(ET0)from August 1,2014 to August 31,2015 was used to evaluate 7 ET0 calculation methods.These methods includes three kind of Penman methods(1948 Penman,FAO24 Penman,FAO56 Penman-Montieth),Priestley-Taylor,Hargreaves-Samani,FAO24 Radiation and Turc.The results indicate that Penman series methods performed best while there are big errors in all of the 7 estimation results.There is an optimal linear relationship between the observed potential evapotranspiration and the result estimated by FAO56 P-M method with 10% undervaluation.Meanwhile,FAO56 P-M method is more sensitive to meteorological condition in summer and winter.Turc method and P-T method are effective for long-term estimating with air temperature and radiation only.H-S method and FAO24 Radiation method are not suitable for Wudaogou area.