章学诚《文史通义·妇学》的学术背景、论证方式与局限:以清中期学术史的角度

The Background, Methods and Limitations of Zhang Xue-cheng's Famale Identity: From the Perspective of Academic History in the Middle Period of the Qing Dynasty

章学诚的《文史通义·妇学》篇素有争议,文章针对袁枚的激烈抨击尤其引人关注。但从清代中期学术史发展的内在理路来看,章氏《妇学》篇关注的是女性写作是否有利于阐释儒学经典的问题,并在"三礼"中寻找于己有利的证据。其论证方法与所得结论与章氏本人的历史哲学密切相关,亦符合清中期"道问学"的潮流。《妇学》的价值,主要在于抛开社会性别角色而论女性写作,为女性"言公"开辟了空间;然而又将女性写作固定在生理性别之上。其内在矛盾的实质是清中期儒学发展的新动向与传统思想的纠缠和冲突。

Zhang Xue-cheng’sFemale Identitywas controversial due to the article’s fierce attack on Yuan Mei.However,accroding to the internal development of academic history in this period,Zhang’sFemale Identityfocus on that if females’writing was meaningful for expounding the Confucian classics,and Zhang tried to find out evidences inZhou Li,Yi LiandLi Ji.The method of argumentation and the method of drawing conclusions were closely related to Zhang’s own historical philosophy,as well as conforming to the trend of'Tao Xue'in the middle period of the Qing Dynasty.The value of Zhang’sFemale Identitymainly lay on the arguement that women’s writing should put aside the characteristics of the sex,which opened up a space for women to speak publicly.On the other hand,he believed that women’s writing fixed on the sex.The essence of its inherent contradiction was the entanglement between the new trend of Confucianism and the traditional ideas in the middle Qing Dynasty.