中医儿科胎毒理论源流考

Study on Theoretical Origin of Fetal Toxin in Traditional Chinese Medicine

胎毒理论是中医儿科学对某些疾病病因的独特认识。运用传统文献整理方法对中医儿科胎毒理论源流进行梳理,认为其在宋之前开始萌芽,此时尚处于胎病理论阶段,认识到小儿尤其是新生儿诸多疾病的病因是在胎儿时期获得的,与患儿母亲胎孕时期养护及饮食不当相关,防治上注重清热解毒;宋金元时期明确提出胎毒为诸多儿科疾病的病因,并出现了胎毒医案的记载;明清时期渐趋成熟,认为胎儿形成前或胎儿期,由于父母嗜食辛辣甘肥,或五志过极化火,或房事过度,或孕母感受寒热之邪,形成胎毒内蕴,导致小儿出生后罹患鹅口疮、重舌、木舌等口腔疾病,虫疖、流丹、湿疹、痈疖等皮肤疾病,胎黄、胎惊等新生儿疾病以及麻、痘等传染性疾病,防治方法上注重辨证祛胎毒。

The theory of fetal toxin is a unique understanding of the etiology of some diseases in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine. This paper uses the traditional literatures to sort out the theoretical origin of fetal toxin in pediatrics of traditional Chinese medicine. It is considered that it began to sprout before Song Dynasty and was still in the theoretical stage of fetal disease at that time. It was believed that the causes of many diseases in children,especially newborns,were acquired during the fetal period,which was related to the improper nursing and diet of the mother during the pregnancy period,focusing on clearing heat and detoxifying in the prevention and treatment. During the Song,Jin and Yuan Dynasties,it was pointed out that fetal poison was the etiology of many pediatric diseases,and the medical records of fetal poison appeared. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the theory gradually matured. It was believed that before or during the fetal period,due to the parents’ excessive consumption of spicy and sweet fat,or excessive emotional changes,or excessive sexual activities,or pathogenic cold or heat invading the mother,it resulted in the fetal toxin which led to mycotic stomatitis,double tongue,wooden tongue and other oral diseases,insect furuncle,erysipelas,eczema,carbuncle and other skin diseases,fetal jaundice,fetal convulsion and other neonatal diseases,as well as measles,chickenpox and other infectious diseases after the birth of the child. Prevention and treatment should focus on syndrome differentiation and removing fetus toxin.