中医药理论的近代嬗变及其影响——以本草诠释方法为视角

Evolution of Traditional Chinese Medicine Theory in Modern Time and Its Influence:From the Explanation Method for Materia Medica

博物学传统与数理传统是科学史上同样重要的两大研究范式。近代之前的中医学,完整地体现了中国的博物传统,而考察中国博物传统的一个最佳标本正是中药药性理论与"本草"学。在近代科学与文化背景下,中医学对自身理论体系进行了系统整理,并建立起了以西医模式为参照的中医学科体系,思维方式从博物传统向数理传统嬗变,使近代中医学呈现出与传统中医学不同的面貌。这种思维模式的变化对当代中医药学的发展产生了重要影响。"观察取决于知识背景,理解取决于认识水平。"研究中医药知识的演进,不能不关注博物传统知识体系与数理传统知识体系在近代的交融与碰撞,需要寻找合适的观察点和立足点。

Natural history paradigm and mathematics-physics paradigm are two primary research paradigms in the science field. Before the modern time,traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) fully reflected the Chinese natural history,and the property theory of Chinese medicinals and materia medica could be the best speci-mens to study the natural history in China. Influenced by modern science and culture,TCM has systemically summarized the TCM theory,and established a discipline system with reference to the biomedicine. Therefore TCM paradigm has shifted from the natural history to the mathematics-physics,and the resulted modern TCM is different from TCM in the ancient time. This paradigm shift has great influence on the development of TCM. 'The observation is based on the knowledge background,and the understanding depends on the knowledge level.' During the study for the evolution of TCM knowledge,the blend and collision of the natural history paradigm and mathematics-physics paradigm should be focused from a more appropriate perspective.