跨断层地形变观测新技术应用综述

Cross-fault Deformation Observation Using New Techniques

跨断层地形变观测对于寻找强震前兆异常、分析孕震机理、研究区域地球动力学等具有重要的科学意义。本文在分析传统短水准、短基线跨断层地形变观测技术的发展和主要不足的同时,比较详细地介绍了我国自行研制的MD数字化跨断层地形变自动观测仪器的应用,以及EDM全自动激光测距、GPS、D-InSAR等几种国际上最新的跨断层地形变观测技术。文中还从监测能力、观测精度、信息特征等角度,对这几种主要的跨断层地形变观测技术进行了较为全面的总结和讨论。

Cross-fault deformation observation is very important in finding the precursory anom-alies of earthquakes.It is also very important in researching the mechanism of earthquake preparation and regional geodynamics.After discussing the development of the traditional observation technique,this paper gives a detailed account on the techniques and applica-tions of the MD automatic digital cross-fault deformation observation system developed in China,and some newest techniques in the world,such as EDM automatic laser ranging,GPS,and D-InSAR.The paper also gives a comprehensive discussion and summary on the monitoring ability,accuracy,and characteristics of these observational techniques.