关于水库“触发地震”和“诱发地震”的思考与探讨

Thinking and Discussion about Reservoir “Triggered Seismicity” and “Induced Seismicity”

水库地震是因水库蓄水作用导致库区地质环境和区域应力变化,引起库区附近地震的现象。'触发地震'和'诱发地震'是根据成因机制的区别而对水库地震的分类。本文梳理和总结了自水库地震的概念提出以来,人们对于水库地震成因机制的分析,并就触发地震和诱发地震的不同分类进行了探讨;同时结合国内水库地震关于坝高、库容、岩性和震级方面的特征发现,无论是触发地震还是诱发地震,都是多方面因素综合作用的结果,但不同水库具有不同的地质环境和区域应力状态,各类成因机制在不同类型的水库地震中占比也不同。最后,作者对现今水库触发地震和诱发地震研究的不足进行了讨论,提出应结合其他人类工程活动所引发的地震一同分析。

Reservoir earthquake is an earthquake phenomenonaround the reservoir which is caused by the change of geological environment and regional stress underthe impact of reservoir impoundment. Reservoir earthquake is divided into two classes which are named as "reservoir triggered seismicity( RTS) " and " reservoir induced seismicity( RIS) " according to the genetic mechanism. The paper summarized and discussed the analyses of genetic mechanism about reservoir earthquakes since these conceptswere put forward according to the different classifications of RTS and RIS. Combined with characteristic of dam height, reservoir capacity, lithology and magnitudes of domestic reservoir earthquakes, the paper holds that both the RTS and RIS are the results of comprehensive action of various factors. However, various genetic mechanisms have different proportions in RTS or RIS because of various geological environment and regional stress state of reservoirs. The paper also discussed the insufficiency of RTS and RIS research and the necessity for combining with seismicitycaused by other human engineering activities.