颞骨岩部后骨板的临床解剖学研究

Clinical anatomy study of the petrous back wall

目的 :了解颞骨岩部后骨板的解剖及其变异情况对颞骨相关手术的影响。方法 :在 2 0例 40侧成人尸头上进行颞骨解剖 ,观察颞骨岩部后骨板成角变异的发生情况 ,测量相关数据。结果 :颞骨岩部上嵴与面神经水平段之间夹角为 (4 .61± 1.99)°、与矢状线之间夹角为 (63 .0 7± 9.3 0 )°。气化程度高的乳突其颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道距离相对较大 ,相对而言发生乙状窦前移的几率较小。颞骨岩部后骨板成角变异发生率为 17.5 %。结论 :面神经水平段大致平行于颞骨岩部上嵴 ,气化的乳突其颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道后壁之间距离较大 ;当颞骨岩部后骨板与外耳道后壁距离较小时 ,乙状窦位置更靠前 ,更易出现高位颈静脉球。

Objective: To study the effect of the back wall of petrous bone on relative surgery. Method: The angled variation of the petrous back wall and correlative structures were observed and measured in 20 adult cadaveric specimens. Results: The percent of the angled variation was 17.5%. The angle between petrous ridge and horizontal segment of facial nerve was 4.61±1.99 degrees, the angle between petrous ridge and arrow line was 63.07±9.30 degrees. Conclusions: Petrous ridge is parallel with horizontal segment of facial nerve. An anterior sigmoid sinus and a higher jugular bulb tend to be observed when the distance between petrous back wall and external auditory canal is shorter.