社会性规制中约谈工具的双重角色

Dual Roles of Negotiation Tools in Social Regulation

在中国监管型国家的建构过程中,约谈作为一类新型政府规制工具,日益得到广泛运用,尤其在社会性规制领域,约谈工具呈现出市场约谈与科层约谈并存的双轨形态。就市场约谈而言,约谈工具在某种程度上体现出"回应性规制"的政策特点,其在"执法金字塔"底部与其他威慑性执法手段相协同,并配合信用规制等组合装置,被用以实现规制合规之监管目标。与市场约谈模式相对应,当代中国社会性规制中的科层约谈模式则发挥了监管型国家的组织内控功能,尤其在经济分权与行政发包背景下,中央或上级政府需要借助科层约谈来调整下级政府的政策注意力,履行日常行政中往往无力重点关注的社会性规制义务。当代中国社会性规制中约谈工具的双重架构属性及其内嵌张力为反思监管型国家的中国模式提供了全新的思考路径。

As an innovative type of regulatory tool,administrative negotiation has been widely employed in the process of constructing regulatory state with Chinese characteristics. Negotiation tools reflect the institutional patterns of coexistence of market negotiation and bureaucratic negotiation,especially in the field of social regulation areas. Market negotiation tool,which to some extent reflects the policy feature of responsive regulation,works with other deterrent enforcement instruments at the bottom of the enforcement pyramid to achieve the goal of regulatory compliance. Correspondingly,Bureaucratic negotiation in the social regulation areas has exerted the organizational internal control function inside china regulatory state. Especially under the background of economic decentralization and administrative subcontract,central or higher level governments need to use bureaucratic negotiation tools to adjust the policy attention of subordinate governments,achieve the focus of regulatory resources and fulfill the social regulatory obligations which are always neglected in routine administration. The dual structural attributes of regulation tools and their embedded tensions in contemporary Chinese social regulation provide a new way to reflect on the Chinese model of regulatory countries.