初审权相对独立的若干问题

Several Issues of Relative Independence of the Authority of First-instance

最大限度地保证初审权的相对独立,是把矛盾化解在基层的根本保证,也是各国司法制度的普遍成功经验,更是实现作为人权主要构成的诉讼权利的必然要求。在我国现行的司法制度设计中,保证初审权相对独立的意图及制度安排是明显的。但是,由于法律制度的不完备以及法院系统内部的家长制管理和'实事求是、有错必纠'的司法观念的影响,初审权的独立性被一再弱化。若要保证初审权的相对独立,就必须从根本上解决不同审级之间的严格的权力分工问题,保证初审法院与法官的裁决轻易不得改变。这既是维护国家司法体制的权威性和公信力的要求,也是严格遵循'让审理者裁判,由裁判者负责'理念的逻辑结果。而初审权的滥用问题,则最终要靠完善司法责任制来予以防范。

To ensure the relative independence of the authority of first-instance to the greatest extent is the fundamental guarantee for resolving conflicts at the grass-roots level,and it’s also the common successful experience of various countries judicial systems.At the same time,it’s also an important standard to measure the realization of litigation rights,which is the main component of human rights.In China’s current judicial system design,the intention and institutional arrangement to ensure the relative independence of the authority of first-instance are also obvious.However,due to the imperfection of the legal system,the long-term influence of the judicial principle of'seek truth from facts and rectify whatever is wrong'and the patriarchal management within the court system,the independence of the authority of first-instance has been weakened repeatedly,which eventually leads to the lack of authority of the entire judicial system.To ensure the relative independence of the authority of first-instance,the strict division of power between different trial levels must be fundamentally solved,and the adjudication of trial court and judge cannot be changed easily.This is not only the requirement to maintain the authority and credibility of the national judicial system,but also the logical result of'let adjudicator judge and judges take responsibility'.In the end,the abuse of the authority of first-instance should be prevented by improving the'Judicial Responsibility System'instead of adding more superior supervision departments to the judges.