三种泡沫材料的吸放水性及微观结构

Water Absorption-Desorption and Microstructure of Three Types of Foam Materials

采用重量法和扫描电镜研究了硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料、硅橡胶泡沫、半硬质自结皮聚氨酯泡沫的吸、放湿水性能和微观结构,比较分析和探讨了3种泡沫材料的吸、放水性及其机理,并提出减少泡沫材料中水份的有效途径。研究结果表明:3种泡沫材料的吸、放水性不同,即硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料<硅橡胶泡沫<<半硬质自结皮聚氨酯泡沫,其吸、放水机理是由于开孔所致,如果密度越小且泡孔开孔率越高,则吸、放水能力越强。减少泡沫材料中水份的有效途径:(1)提高材料密度和闭孔率;(2)在材料表面镀金属膜或保留表皮;(3)进行适当干燥处理,并尽可能降低存放环境湿度。

The microstructure,water absorptiondesorption of rigid polyurethane,siliconrubber and halfrigid selfskinning polyurethane foams were studied with gravimetric method and scanning electric microscope(SEM).The water absorptiondesorption and the mechanism were analyzed and compared and effective approaches to reduce water in those foams were proposed.The results showed that three foams have different water absorptiondesorption which are dependent on the opencell ratio of the foams.Lower density makes higher opencell ratio which leads to higher water absorptiondesorption.The effective approaches to reduce water in those foams are firstly to raise the density and the closecell ratio of the materials;secondly to plate metal coating on the surface of or to maintain the surface skin of materials;and thirdly to make them dry and reduce as much as possible the humidity in the storage environment.