城市洪涝模拟中无人机摄影测量技术应用进展

Review on application of UAV-based photogrammetry in urban flood modeling

基于我国城市洪涝灾害的严峻形势和目前洪涝过程模拟模型的发展现状,指出精细化城市洪涝过程模拟是未来发展趋势。基于无人机低空摄影测量的数据获取方法能够提供高分辨率的地面信息,为城市洪涝过程模拟提供完备的数据基础。通过总结无人机相关技术指标和应用实例,指出利用低空无人机摄影测量获取的数据具有大比例尺、现势性强以及成本较低的优势,在众多领域得到广泛应用;同时,通过低空无人机摄影测量提供的土地利用、地形和洪涝范围等数据,可以完成精细化的洪涝过程模型建模与率定验证,三维模型与单体建模技术则能服务于数字化和更加精细化的洪涝过程模拟与展示。无人机摄影测量技术应用于城市洪涝过程模拟仍具有诸多问题,在未来的进一步应用中将得到不断完善和发展,具有良好的应用前景。

In view of the severe situation of urban flooding in China and the development of previous flood simulation models,this paper points out that refining urban flood simulations is a focus in the future studies.Data acquisition methods based on the low-altitude UAV-based photogrammetry can provide high-resolution ground information such as flooded areas in a city,helping build complete databases.By summarizing typical technical indicators and application of this new technology,we demonstrate that it has the advantage of low cost in acquisition of easily updated large-scale data and hence is widely applied in numerous fields.And it also makes it easier to develop or refine flood simulation models through collecting data of landuse,topography,and flooded area,among others.In addition,technologies like three-dimensional modeling and monomer modeling can serve the purpose of better digitalization and refinement of flooding process simulations and result display.Although problems still remain in the application of photogrammetry technology to flooding simulation,it should have a good application prospect as it is improved and further developed in future.