结构基因座和微卫星标记应用于绵(山)羊群体遗传分化的比较研究

The Comparison of Structural Loci and Microsatellite Marker on Genetic Differentiation in Sheep(goat) Populations

对湖羊、同羊及长江三角洲白山羊的随机样本分别进行14个结构基因座和7个微卫星标记的遗传检测,比较由两种遗传标记获得的群体基因平均杂合度(H)、多态信息含量(PIC)及群体有效等位基因数(Ne);分别根据两种类型的基因频率资料,计算3个群体间的标准遗传距离并加以比较。结果表明:由微卫星等位基因频率获得的群体基因平均杂合度、多态信息含量及有效等位基因数显著大于结构基因座获得的,但在三群体中变化趋势是一致的;由结构基因座资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为0 0268～0 2487,微卫星标记资料计算的3个群体间标准遗传距离为:0 2321～1 2313,绵山羊间显著大于绵羊群体之间。提示:结构基因座和微卫星标记一致揭示3群体内的遗传变异;同羊>湖羊>长江三角洲白山羊;微卫星标记较结构基因座标记更能表达近缘种间进化趋异水平,可将FCB11、MAF33、AE101、FCB128及FCB304位点作为研究绵山羊近缘种间遗传分化的标志性位点。

The genetic examination on 14 structural loci and 7 microsatellite marker was carried out among the random samples in Hu sheep(Hu),Tong sheep(Tong)and Yantse Rive Delta White goat(Csb);Mean heterozygosity(H),mean polymorphism information contents(PIC)and mean effective numbers of alleles(Ne)calculated using above two type of genetic marker data were compared;The standard genetic distances among 3 populations based on two type of gene frequency were calculated and compared.The results show that:Mean heterozygosity(H),mean polymorphism information contents(PIC)and mean effective numbers of alleles(Ne)based on 7 microsatellite markers were greater than that on structural loci.There were same tendency among 3 populations;The standard genetic distances based on structural loci among 3 populations were 0026802487,the standard genetic distances based on microsatellite markers were 0232112313,The distance between sheep and goat population was much larger than between sheep populations.The study indicates structural loci and microsatellite marker reflect the genetic variation of the 3 populations consistently:Tong>Hu>Csb.Differentiation on evolution between related species could be expressed more effectively by microsatellite marker than structure marker,FCB11,MAF33,AE101,FCB128,and FCB304 could be used as representative loci for research on genetic differentiation between sheep and goat.