近65年昆明气候变化及其海绵城市技术探析

Effect of Climate Changing on Landscape Environment in Kunming in Recent 65 Years and Sponge City Technical Analysis

昆明1951~2016年平年均气温、年均降水量、相对湿度等3个重要的气象数据呈现一高两低态势。分析表明其平年均气温增加幅度高达0.4℃/10a,年较差减小,最低气温显著变暖;随着气温增加,降水量显著降低,其中1999~2016年降水量减少最为明显约为18.05mm/a;相对湿度随着降水量减少而降低,这预示着昆明更加缺水和干燥。本文以昆明城市近65年整体气候变化为背景,分析了昆明海绵城市建设必要性与建设概况,提出了宏观层面海绵城市总体规划构建,着手于城市建设用地类型决定海绵技术方法论、基于汇水面域与绿地结构规划调蓄设施;探析了中观层面海绵城市设计和微观层面海绵城市生态工程技术。

By analyzing the climate records of Kunming from 1957 to 2016,Kunming's average temperature has been found to be increasing in recent 65 years. The key problem lies in the temperature rise in recent ten or more years by 0.4℃/10 a and the annual range decrease at the same time,represented as the elevation of the lowest temperature and increasingly warmer winter in Kunming. With the warming climate,the precipitation has suffered a prominent fall,by 18.05mm/a in the past 14 years. The relative humidity is in direct proportion to the precipitation,which explains the less of water and drier climate in Kunming city. With'One increase and two decreases'of the three key climate indexes changes in Kunming city in the past 65 years,Based on the annual average temperature,lower reduced precipitation,relative humidity and the rise of urban overall climate change as the background,this paper analyses the necessity and the construction of kunming city construction sponge,puts forward the macro overall urban planning to build sponge,set out to the urban construction land type sponge technology methodology,based on the surface domain and green space structure planning to regulate facilities; Medium measure urban design sponge urban ecological engineering technology and micro levels is analyzed.