野生和养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉营养成分与品质评价

Evaluation of Nutritive Quality and Nutrient Components in the Muscles of Wild and Farmed Chum Salmon(Oncorhynchus keta)

【目的】比较野生和养殖大麻哈鱼(Oncorhynchus keta)肌肉的营养成分,并评价其营养品质。【方法】采集黑龙江干流抚远段野生大麻哈鱼及3龄养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉,测定二者的基础营养成分、氨基酸、脂肪酸、矿物质等成分,分析其营养品质。【结果】野生大麻哈鱼肌肉(湿基)中水分含量较高,养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉中粗脂肪含量较高。野生和养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉中均含有18种氨基酸,其中8种必需氨基酸(EAA)总量质量分数分别是33.07%和19.62%(干基),占氨基酸总量的39.83和39.01%,符合FAO/WHO推荐的理想蛋白质标准。根据AAS和CS值,野生和养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉中第一限制性氨基酸分别为色氨酸和苏氨酸,必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)分别为61.31和40.82。野生和养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉中含有丰富不饱和脂肪酸,不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸的比值分别为2.48和3.47。大麻哈鱼肌肉中含有多种人体所需的矿物质元素。【结论】野生大麻哈鱼肌肉具有高蛋白、低脂肪、脂肪质量较高的特点。养殖大麻哈鱼肌肉脂肪含量较高,氨基酸组成则低于野生大麻哈鱼。

【Objective】To evaluate the nutritional value, edibility and main nutrient components in the muscles of wild and farmed chum salmon(Oncorhynchus keta)【Methods】Wild and farmed chum salmon samples were collected in the middle section of Amur River near the city of Fuyuan, and Shandong Oriental Ocean group respectively. Water, crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, amino acids,fatty acids and minerals were determined by conventional methods, and their nutritional quality was analyzed. 【Result】The muscle of wild chum salmon was rich in moisture(80.37%) while the muscle of the farmed chum salmon was rich in crude fat(13.47%). The composition of amino acids of the two kinds of chum salmon muscles were found to contain 18 common amino acids and 8 essential amino acids for human needs. In wet sample of wild and farmed chum salmon muscles, the total content of essential amino acids(EAA) was 33.07% and 19.62%(dry weight basis)respectively, which accounts for 39.83% and 39.01% of the total amino acids(TAA). It showed that the amino acids of chum salmon satisfied standard suggested by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO). According to the nutritional evaluation in amino acids score(AAS),the first limited amino acid of wild and farmed chum salmon were Trp and Thr respectively. For the wild and farmed chum salmon, the essential amino acids index(EAAI)were 61.31 and 40.82. In the muscle of wild and farmed chum salmon, the ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acids were2.48 and 3.47 respectively. Furthermore, the high level of minerals in the muscles of wild and farmed chum salmon were detected and it was greatly beneficial for human metabolism and health.【Conclusion】Wild chum salmon muscle is a high quality and healthy food fish for human, because it contains high protein, low fat and high-quality fat. Farmed chum salmon muscle is rich in fatty acids but the quality of amino acids was lower than that of wild chum salmon.