幼儿园“小学化”专项治理背景下入学准备何去何从

To be Cultivated or Eliminated? The Review of School Readiness under the Special Governance of “Primary School” in Kindergartens

幼儿园'小学化'专项治理提出小学坚持零起点教学。由于主语置换、背离初衷、以偏概全、知行不一等原因,入学准备和'零起点'容易产生矛盾,同时陷进入学准备意味着整齐划一的'起跑线'、等同于学业准备、从大班开始准备等误区。纠正'小学化'应注意剖析入学准备的复杂内涵和内容结构,它至少包括简化还原、多维汇聚、历时协同三种类型,反映了从单维到多维、学业认知到身心全面发展、个体准备到多方准备的趋势。科学做好入学准备、精准破解'小学化'倾向需要凸显方法和价值双重向度,从自在目标到期望性目标,强调为终身学习而做准备;从单一主体到多元主体,构筑多方准备的生态系统;从旁观评定到行动探究,加强学前教育质量国家监测。

The special management of'primary school'in kindergartens puts forward that primary schools should adhere to zerostarting teaching.Because of the substitution of subject,deviation from original intention,generalization by deviation and inconsistency of knowledge and practice,there are conflicts between entrance preparation and'zero starting point'.At the same time,it falls into the misunderstanding that entrance preparation means a uniform'starting line'.It is equivalent to academic preparation,starting from a large class and so on.To correct the'primary school tendency'we should pay attention to the analysis of the complex connotation and content structure of school readiness,which includes at least three types:simplified reduction,multi-dimensional convergence and diachronic coordination.It reflects the trend from one-dimensional to multi-dimensional,academic recognition to physical and mental development,individual preparation to multi-preparation.Scientific preparations for school enrollment and accurate cracking of the tendency of'primary school tendency'need to highlight the dual dimensions of methods and values,from self-goal to expectation goal,emphasizing preparation for lifelong learning;from single subject to multi-subject,building an ecological system of multi-preparation;from bystander assessment to action exploration,strengthening the national monitoring of the quality of pre-school education.