从环境教育到类主体教育：解决生态问题的教育探索

From Environmental Education to Human Subject Education: Educational Exploration to Solve Ecological Problems

人与自然的关系经历了原始的混沌一体到分离进而走向对立、对抗。人与自然的分离源于人的主体性,由于人与自然的对立、对抗所出现的生态问题,是占有性个人主体性极端发挥的恶果。所以,解决生态问题,不仅需要开展环境教育、可持续发展教育,给予解决生态问题的知识、技能与观念,而且必须在人性上反思和重构人的主体性,培养类主体,走出占有性个人主体性的危机,进而从根本上实现人与自然、人与社会、人与自我的统一。

The relationship between human and nature has gone from primitive chaos to separation,and then to opposition and confrontation.The separation between human and nature originates from human’s subjectivity.The ecological problems arising from the opposition and confrontation between human and nature are the evil consequences of playing role of possessive individual subjectivity.Therefore,in order to solve ecological problems,It is not only necessary to carry out environmental education and sustainable development education,to give knowledge,skills and concepts to solve ecological problems.,but also to rethink and reconstruct human subjectivity in human nature,cultivate human subjectivity,get out of the crisis of possessive individual subjectivity,and ultimately realize the unity of man and nature,man and society,man and self.