社会工作理论内涵、实务运用的比较与反思——以心理暨社会学派、生态系统理论、增权理论为例

Comparison and Reflection on the Theoretical Connotation and Practical Application of Social Work:Taking the Psycho-social School, the Ecosystem Theory and the Empowerment Theory as Examples

Malcolm Payne依据社会工作理论发展的主要目标及其哲学基础,将理论划分为反身性--治疗性、个人主义—改良主义、社会主义—集体主义三大范式,本文各选取不同范式下的理论进行比较,探讨理论内涵的价值规范逻辑、推理概念逻辑、行动工具逻辑,发现不同的理论视角对人的问题研判及需求界定不一,其处遇目标、策略以及处遇步骤和方法的执行均有所不同。其次,依据Payne所提出理论与实务运用过程中可操作性、责效性、关联性及合法性四大议题进行进一步对比分析,发现不同议题下社会工作理论各具特色,各有所长。最后提出理论范式逐渐走向多元化,整合性运用理论将成为未来趋势。

According to the three main objectives of the development of social work theory and philosophy foundation, Malcolm Payne divided the theory into three paradigms of reflexivity-therapeutic, individualistic-reformism, socialism-collectivism,In this paper, the theories of different paradigms are selected to compare and discuss the value standard logic, reasoning concept logic and action tool logic of theoretical connotation, It is found that different theoretical perspectives are different from the analysis of people’s problems and demands,and the execution of the targets, strategies and procedures and methods are different.Second,According to Payne’s theory and practice, the four issues of operability, accountability, relevance and legality are further analyzed,found that under different issues, Each social work theory has its own characteristics and merit.Finally, the theoretical paradigm is gradually diversified, and the integrative application theory will become the future trend.