助人工作领域督导关系的研究进展与展望——基于2000—2018年的文献研究

Research progress and prospect of supervisor relationship in the field of helping workwork:based on literature research from 2000 to 2018

督导是助人工作者为服务对象提供有效服务的核心保障,而督导关系被证明是有效督导的关键因素。为了更好地理解督导关系及其贡献,以促进未来助人工作领域中的督导实务的发展,本文通过对近20年国内外督导关系的研究回顾,来分析助人工作领域中督导关系的影响因素以及督导关系对督导结果的影响。结果表明,现有研究中影响督导关系的因素主要集中于督导者和被督导者两个层面:(1)督导者层面包括:督导者的个体因素涉及个人特质、情商水平、依恋取向、多元文化能力等;而督导行为则涉及了督导者在督导过程中的自我揭露、结构安排、权力运用等。(2)被督导者层面包括:情商水平、情绪体验、依恋取向、应对资源。督导关系对督导结果的影响则主要表现在被督导者的自我效能感、自我揭露度、职业满意度与职业倦怠、对督导的满意度、以及新手助人工作者的成功服务结案率等。研究建议,今后我国助人工作督导关系的研究应当立基本土文化、立足本土特色:(1)立基本土文化下的督导关系研究包含师徒关系下的督导关系内涵研究、人情社会下的督导关系动力研究;(2)立足本土特色下的督导关系研究包括不同助人工作场域的督导关系研究、本地实务工作者和境外督导的关系研究、内部督导和外部督导之督导关系研究等。

Supervision is the core guarantee for helping workers to provide effective services for service objects,and supervision relationship has proved to be the key factor of effective supervision.In order to better understand the supervisor relationship and its contribution,so as to promote the development of the supervision practice in the field of helping work in the future,this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the supervisor relationship in the field of helping work and the influence of the supervisor relationship on the supervision results by reviewing the research on the supervisor relationship at home and abroad in the past 20 years.The results show that the factors affecting the supervisor relationship in the existing studies are mainly concentrated in the supervisor and the supervised:(1)the supervisor level includes:the supervisor’s individual factors involve personal traits,emotional intelligence level,attachment orientation,multicultural ability,etc.The supervision behavior involves the self-disclosure,structure arrangement and power utilization of the supervisor in the process of supervision.(2)the level of the supervised includes emotional intelligence,emotional experience,attachment orientation and coping resources.The influence of supervision relationship on the supervision results is mainly reflected in the sense of self-efficacy,self-disclosure,career satisfaction and burnout,satisfaction with the supervision,and the successful service settlement rate of the novice helping workers.The research suggests that in the future,the research on the supervisor relationship of helping work in China should be based on the basic soil culture and local characteristics:(1)the study on the supervisor relationship under the basic soil culture includes the study on the connotation of the supervisor relationship under the mentoring relationship and the study on the driving force of the supervisor relationship under the human relationship;(2)the research on the supervisor relationship based on local characteristics includes the study on the supervisor relationship in different helping workplaces,the study on the relationship between local practitioners and overseas supervisors,the study on the supervisor relationship between internal supervisors and external supervisors,etc.