传染病的全球化与海关检疫:1894年东亚腺鼠疫的流行及海关应对

Globalization of Infectious Diseases and Customs Quarantine:Prevalence and Customs Response of the East Asian Gland Plague in 1894

历史上,检疫是海关一项重要职责。海关的检疫权,不仅是海关权力的组成部分,也是国家行使主权的具体表现之一。面对全球一体化浪潮,行使好检疫权,将疫病阻挡于国门之外,将疫情湮灭于萌芽状态,是海关不容置喙的责任与使命。回顾近代海关检疫体系的产生与发展,对于我们明晰关检深度融合的历史脉络,剖析近代国家治理体系与治理能力,显得尤为重要。本文以1894年东亚腺鼠疫的流行为例,通过对比研究上海、广州、香港、横滨四个城市及海关在检疫防疫上的应对举措,旨在探讨近代海关检疫体系的衍变与发展路径。

Historically,quarantine was an important duty of the Customs.The quarantine right of the Customs is not only an integral part of the right of the Customs,but also a symbol of sovereignty.In the face of globalization,it is the responsibility and mission of the Customs to perform quarantine rights,block the diseases out of the country,and eliminate the epidemic in the bud.Reviewing the emergence and development of the modern Customs quarantine system,it is very important for us to clarify the history of Customs inspection and integration,and analyze the modern national administration system and governance ability.This paper takes the epidemic of the Asian gland plague in 1894 as an example,and compares the quarantine response measures of four cities in Shanghai,Guangzhou,Hong Kong and Yokohama with the purpose of discussing the changes and development paths of modern quarantine inspections.