行政公益诉讼中违法行政行为审查标准省思

A Reflection on Examination Standard of Illegal Administrative Act in Administrative Public Interest Litigation

2017年修改后的《行政诉讼法》明确规定人民检察院有权提起行政公益诉讼,其中,判断存在违法行政行为是启动行政公益诉讼诉前程序和诉讼程序的关键。只有明确违法行政行为的一般审查标准,才可以为我国检察行政公益诉讼的进一步规范化提供参照。现有的行为审查标准或结果审查标准不能完全契合行政公益诉讼保护公益的目的,按照行为标准或结果标准审查违法行政行为可能不当减少行政机关的履职积极性,违反权力分工原则。在审视现有标准的基础上,人民检察院在审查行政行为时,应修正分段审查模式,确立包括行为标准和实质性合法标准在内的综合性审查标准,确定审查要素,明确行政公益诉讼中违法行政行为的实施主体限于组织体,审查依据应以法律法规为主、法律原则和法律精神为辅。

The Administrative Procedure Law revised in 2017 clearly stipulates that the people’s procuratorate has the right to file administrative public interest lawsuits,among which,judgment of existence of illegal administrative acts is the key to the initiation of pre-proceedings and proceedings of administrative public interest litigation.Only by making clear general examination standard of illegal adiministrative act,can we provide reference for the further standardization of our country’s prosecutorial public interest litigation.The existing examination standards of conduct or result can not completely fit the purpose of public interest protection in administrative public interest litigation,and the illegal administrative behavior examined by conduct standard or result standardard may reduce the enthusiasm of administrative organs in performing their duties and violate the principle of division of power.On the basis of the existing standards,when examining the administrative act,the people’s procuratorate should amend the mode of subsection examination and establish the comprehensive standards including the standard of conduct and the substantive legal standard,determine the examination elements,determine that the main body of implementation of illegal administrative acts is limited to the organiztion;examination standard should be given priority to laws and regulations and legal principle and legal spirit are auxiliary.