固体推进剂铝基燃料高效燃烧的研究进展

Research Progress on High Combustion Performance of Aluminum Based Fuel in Solid Propellant

铝基燃料作为含能添加剂在固体推进剂中能大幅提升火焰温度,增大发动机比冲,提升推进剂的总体能量。然而,铝基燃料在燃烧过程中经常出现燃烧不完全、燃烧速率低、点火温度高及团聚等现象,严重影响了燃料的燃烧效率。从各个维度总结了铝基燃料燃烧的最新研究进展,指出了各因素的作用原理。介绍了铝基燃料在固体推进剂中的燃烧机理,评述了铝基燃料尺寸、高氯酸铵(AP)颗粒尺寸与级配、表面氟化物包,以及金属氧化物添加剂对铝基燃料燃烧效率的影响。结果表明:采用铝粉表面改性、调节颗粒尺寸与级配、添加多元氧化剂等能有效提高铝基燃料燃烧效率。

As an energetic additive in the solid propellant,aluminum based fuel can significantly increase the flame temperature,enhance the engine specific impulse,and improve the overall energy of the propellant.However,aluminum based fuel often suffers from incomplete combustion,low combustion rate,high ignition temperature and heavy agglomeration in the combustion process,which seriously affect the combustion efficiency of aluminum based fuel.In this paper,the latest research progresses on the combustion efficiency of aluminum based fuel are summarized from various dimensions,and the function principle of each factor is pointed out.The combustion mechanism of aluminum powder in the propellant is summarized.The effects of aluminum powder size,ammonium perchlorate(AP)particle size and gradation,fluoride coating and metal oxide additives on the combustion efficiency of aluminum based fuel are systematically analyzed.Using surface modification of aluminum powder,adjusting particle size and gradation,and adding multi-component oxidants can effectively improve the combustion efficiency of aluminum based fuel.