3Mandy Zuo, Command of written Chi- nese declines in digital era, http://www scmp.com/news/china/article/1297946/com- mand-written -chinese -declines -rise - pinyin-input-devices.
5Emily Ford,Smartphones and com- puters dumb down Chinese youth,The Australian, http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/ smartphones -and -computers -dumb -down - chinese -youth/story -fnb64oi6 - 1226702164420.
6Dan Kedmey,What the Word Toad Can Tell You About China's Moderniza- tion,The Time, http://world.time.com/2013/08/15/what -the - word -toad -can -tell -you -about -chinas - modernization/.
7Scripps National Spelling Bee, Wikipedia,http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ ScrippsNational_Spelling_Bee.