1Chang Tsuen-Kung, Historical Geography of Chinese Settlement in the Malay Archipelago, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nebraska, 1954, p. 34.
2Chang Tsuen-Kung, Historical Geography of Chinese Settlement in the Malay Archipelago, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nebraska, 1954, pp. 19 - 21.
3Chang Tsuen-Kung, Historical Geography of Chinese Settlement in the Malay Archipelago, unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Nebraska, 1954, pp.17-18.
4Shellabear, W.G., " Baba Malay", A Centenary Volume, 1877-1977, MBRAS Reprints, No. 4, 1977, pp. 36 -46.
5Pan, Lynn, "Definitions", in Lynn Pan ed. , The Encyclopedia of the Chinese Overseas, Singapore: Archipelago Press, 1998.
6He Zhaowu, Bu Jinzhi, Tang Yuyuan and Sun Kaitai, An Intellectual History of China, Beijing: Foreign Langnages Press, 1991.
7Kahn, Herman, World Economic Development : 1979 and Beyond, New York: Morrow Quill Paperbacks, 1979, p. 332.
8Voon Phin Keong, "Pioneers, entrepreneurs, and labourers: building the social and economic foundations of statehood", in Voon Phin Keong ed, Malaysian Chinese and Nationbuilding, Vol. 1, Kuala Lumpur: Centre for Malaysian Chinese Studies, 2007, pp. 43 - 94.
9Voon Phin Keong, "Culture and business in Malaysia: contributions of the Chinese community", Sarawak Chinese Cultural Seminar V, Sibu, April 19, 2009, pp. 38 - 65.
10Wu Teh Yao, "Confucian culture as world culture", in Cheu Hock-Tong compiled, Confucianism in Chinese Culture, Subang Jaya: Pelanduk Publications, 2000, p. 148.