芬兰文《红楼梦》的发现与研究

Discovery and Study of Dream of Red Chamber in Finnish

《红楼梦》芬兰文译本(Punaisen Huoneen Uni)的发现为当前海外红楼版本的研究开辟了一个新的视域,对了解红学在北欧的译介和传播具有开拓性意义。虽然红楼译本迄今已有20多种语言和近百种版本,然而《红楼梦》在斯堪的纳维亚世界的译介和传播情况却鲜有传述。不同于以往库恩德译本或相关印欧语系的转译本,芬兰译文(系"乌拉尔语系"或"芬兰-乌拉尔语系")用词在细节上更贴近中文表述。虽译自德国库恩本,但芬兰译者帕塔宁(Jorma Partanen)与导论作者聂米宁(Pertti Nieminen)力求用朴实凝练的语言传达《红楼梦》在中国小说史与哲学史上的地位,其视角更加契合芬兰读者的心理和思维习惯。因此,"芬兰处境化"(Finnish contextualization)构成该译本的一个重要特色和翻译原则。本文旨于介绍《红楼梦》在芬兰的译介与传播概况,围绕芬兰译本的译者、导论作者、内在结构、语言特质及翻译原则等方面展开系统分析,进而探讨芬兰译本的研究对当前"中国—北欧"红学研究互动的现实意义。

The discovery of the Finnish translation of Dream of Red Chamber, the 'Punaisen Huoneen Uni', has opened up a new perspective for the current study of overseas Redology, and in particular, it has extraordinary value for understanding the circulation of this great Chinese novel in Nordic countries. So far there have been over 20 languages and nearly 100 versions of Dream of Red Chamber overseas, however, the translation and dissemination of Dream of Red Chamber in Scandinavia is rarely reported. Unlike previous Franz Kuhn’s German version or related Indo-European versions, the Finnish text(belonging to Uralic languages or Finno-Ugrian language family) is much closer to the Chinese formulations. Although based on Kuhn’s edition, Finnish translators Jorman Partanen and the author of the Finnish Introduction, Pertti Nieminen, adopted concise approach to tell the status of Dream of Red Chamber in the Chinese history of literature and philosophy. Therefore, 'Finnish contextualization' becomes a fundamental principle in their translation. This paper aims to provide a general overview of the circulation of Dream of Red Chamber in Finland, with particular focus on the translators, structure, languages, and translation principles of the text. Based on this systematic analysis, it discusses the values of the Finnish text of Dream of Red Chamber for contemporary Sino-Nordic studies of Redology.