大数据时代个人信息保护再思考——以大数据产业发展之公共福利为视角

Rethinking Personal Information Protection in the Era of Big Data ——From the Perspective of Public Welfare of Big Data Industry Development

在互联网时代,对于个人信息的保护,主要有隐私权路径和人格权路径。以这两种理论路径,均构架了"知情——同意"的个人信息保护机制。然而个人信息权利化和"知情——同意"机制却面临着个人信息内涵不明确、个人信息侵权实质为侵害信息主体人格权、"知情——同意"机制在实践中被消解和无法应对大数据挑战等诘问。个人信息是大数据的基础,大数据时代,个人信息具有共享属性,具有公共利益价值。因此,大数据时代,应将个人信息视为一种非稀缺的和共享的公共物品,对利用个人信息侵害人格权益的行为,应纳入侵权法和人格权法中规制;大数据产业发展中应对个人信息处理者建立"使用者责任"机制。

In the Internet age, the protection of personal information mainly includes the path of privacy and the path of personality right. Based on these two theoretical approaches, personal information protection mechanism of 'informed consent' is constructed. However, the personal information right and the 'informed consent' mechanism are confronted with such questions as unclear connotation of personal information, infringement of personality right, subduction of 'informed consent' mechanism. Personal information is the foundation of big data. In the era of big data, personal information has the property of sharing and the value of public interest. Therefore, in the era of big data, personal information should be regarded as a kind of non-scarce and shared public goods. Violations of personal rights and interests with personal information should be regulated in tort law and personality right law. In the development of big data industry, 'user responsibility' mechanism should be established for personal information processors.