论安史之乱和会昌灭佛对唐幽州佛教的影响——以《大唐云居寺故寺主律大德神道碑铭并序》为中心

The Research on the Influence of An Lushan’s rebellion and Huicbang Suppression on Buddhism in Youzhoui(幽州)in the Tang:Focus on Zhenxing(真性)Monk’s Inscription in Yunju(云居)Temple

本文通过考察《大唐云居寺故寺主律大德神道碑铭并序》(简称《真性大德神道碑》),拓展分析了安史之乱和会昌法难对唐幽州佛教的影响,揭示出中晚唐幽州—卢龙镇佛教之特性。幽州地区律宗繁盛,出现了学问修行都很高的代表人物真性大德。安史之乱对北方佛教造成巨大冲击,但幽州的经济条件仍然十分优越,云居寺在战乱后仍很兴盛,得到众多富裕施主的供养。这为精深佛学研究的持续繁荣提供了必要的物质条件。中晚唐以降,朝廷屡次下诏禁止私度僧尼。但幽州节度使却毫无顾忌地在自己的辖区内邀请高僧开设戒坛度僧。这与安史之乱后,幽州—卢龙镇在政治、军事、经济方面俨然成为'独立王国'密切相关。幽州与唐廷在政治上的隔阂和争斗并不影响幽州与长安在佛教文化方面的互动。在会昌毁佛期间,幽州地区受自然条件、手工业门类限制,佛教功德事业受到影响,与河东地区的佛教文化交流暂时受阻。

The diesis investigates Zhenxing monk’s inscription in Yunju Temple in Youzhou in the Tang,and analyzes the influence of An Lushan’s rebellion and Huichang suppression on Buddhism in Youzhou in the Tang based on the inscription.Then the thesis discovers Buddhist characteristics in Youzhou-Lulong(卢龙)province in the middle and late Tang.Vinaya sect(律宗)prospered in Youzhou.Zhenxing monk,having broad knowledge and eminent practice,was a representative.Although An Lushan ’s rebellion greatly shocked Buddhism in north China,the economic condition of Youzhou was very superior.Yunju temple supported by the rich was still flourishing after this rebellion.This provided necessary material conditions for the successive prosperity of profound Buddhist research.In the middle and late Tang,the central government frequently promulgated imperial edicts to ban issuing clerical certificates.However,Youzhou provincial governors invited eminent monks who organized clerical certificates under Lulong jurisdiction without any worry because Youzhou-Lulong province had become an independent kingdom in political,military and economical aspects after An Lushan ’s rebellion.The political estrangements and conflicts between Youzhou and the central government did not affect the mutual communication between Youzhou and Chang ’an(长安)in Buddhism.During the period of Huichang suppression,some Buddhist merits were impeded in Youzhou because of the limitation of its natural environment and industrial types.Meanwhile,the Buddhist communication between Youzhou and Hedong districts was temporally obstructed.