族谱撰修与宗祧承继——以祁门高塘王氏为中心

Compilation of Genealogy and Inheritance of Clan:Focus on the Wang’s Family in Gaotang,Qimen County

在传统中国社会中,继嗣是绵延家族最重要的保障。乏子无嗣家庭,为了承继宗祧和继承财产等,不得不采取多种方式立嗣,在最重宗法的徽州更是如此。祁门高塘王氏为继子在谱牒中的记载是名列继父位下,还是吊归本生父的问题,引发两支裔的纠纷,甚至进行了近一年的诉讼。纠纷始于鸿村支裔倡修族谱,过程主要分为鸿村支裔控诉、鸿村许村两支裔互控和结案等三个阶段,最终以知县裁定舜二长房吊入继父名下,次子吊归本生父位下而告终。诉讼的实质是宗祧确立与延续问题,与高塘王氏两支裔的谱牒认同、宗子身份和祀产承继等诸多利益密切相关,其最终也导致了高塘王氏'四族遂涣而不萃'。

In traditional Chinese society,family heirs are a very significant guarantee of clan’s continuation.For this reason,represented by Huizhou’s situation,the families without sons have to use a variety of ways to establish heirs for continuation of clan and inheritance of property.In the case of Wang’s family in Gaotang,Qimen County,the debate about the lineage of stepson should be located under the stepfather or the birth father led to the conflict and one year’s litigation between two sub-clans.The conflict began with the suggestion to compile a genealogy and gone through three periods:sub-clan’s prosecution in Hongcun,the mutual complaints between the sub-clans in Hongcun and Xucun,and the settlement of this lawsuit.At last,the county administer adjudicated that the first son of Shuner should be located under his stepfather and the second son should be located under his birth father.The nature of this lawsuit was the confirmation and continuation of clan and closely related to the profits such as lineage recognition,inherited sons’ identity and inheritance,and led to the four sub-clans’ separation of Wang’s family in Gaotang.