不同温度下5种保水剂吸水和持水特性的差异

The Differences of Water Absorption Characteristics of Five Absorbent Polymers under Different Temperature

为探讨保水剂可明显地提高造林成活率,但在新疆早春和秋冬季造林温度较低,夏季温度较高,对保水剂吸、持水特性影响较大,直接影响了保水剂的实际效果。本实验采用选择安信、海明、神润、立铭、金元易(大、小颗粒)等5种不同类型保水剂为材料,对比研究了不同温度下吸水持水特性。结果表明:15种保水剂都具有良好的吸水性,其中安信保水剂累积吸水量最大,达到自身重量的225-240倍;保水剂的颗粒大小对吸水性也会产生影响,吸水开始的半小时内金元易小颗粒的吸水速率比大颗粒明显要大2倍;2低温明显限制保水剂的吸水倍率,吸水开始的半小时内降低了13.4%-55.0%不等。但随着时间的增加,保水剂都能达到不同温度的最大吸水量;高温对保水剂的吸水速率也有一定影响,吸水倍率变化范围在-6.3%—(+7.0%)之间;35种保水剂都有不同程度的释水现象,其中立铭保水剂在第一天释水量就达到了51.2%,这说明其吸水持水特性相对较差。由此可知通过研究我们认为安信和金元易小颗粒两种保水剂在低温下吸水倍率受影响较小,持水性对温度变化不敏感,所以更适于新疆早春植树造林应用。

Absorbent polymers can obviously improve the survival rate of afforestation.However,the temperature in the afforestation of Xinjiang in early spring and autumn is very low while it is very high in summer,causing a greater influence on the absorption characteristics,which directly affects the actual effect of absorbent polymers.We chose five different types of absorbent polymers Anxin,Haiming,Shengrun,Liming,Jinyuanyi(two kinds of particle,J1 represent the lange portides;J2represent the small pavtides) as materials in this research,and compared the absorption characteristics under different temperature.The results showed that:(1) These five kinds of absorbent polymers have powerful water absorbency.AX(Anxin) absorbent polymers have the biggest accumulated water quantity which can absorb 225-240 times of its weight.The particle size of absorbent polymers would affect the water absorbency,in which the water absorption rate of small particle was 2 times large than large particle at the first 30 minutes of absorption;(2) Low temperature significantly restrict the water absorption rate of absorbent polymers,and the absorbency was reduced by 13.4%- 55.0% at the first 30 minutes of absorption.But with the increase of time,water absorption can achieve the maximum water quantity in different temperature.High temperature also impact the absorption rate which ranges from- 6.3%-(+ 7.0) %;(3) 5 kinds of super absorbent polymers have the varying degrees of water release phenomenon,which made the LM(Liming) absorbent polymers release 51.2% of the water on the first day,suggesting that the water absorption characteristics are relatively poor;(4) Through this study we believe that the AX(Anxin) and LM(Liming)absorbent polymers are not sensitive to the changes of temperature,and have good water absorption at low temperature.Both are more suitable for the practice of planting in early spring in Xinjiang.