古尔班通古特沙漠南部土壤属性空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution Features of Soil Properties in Southern Gurbantunggut Desert

采用对古尔班通古特沙漠南部风沙土土壤化学和物理特征进行研究的方法。结果表明,区域尺度上,土壤p H、电导率、硫酸根从西向东和从北向南递减;全氮、速效钾、速效磷、全磷从西向东的递增;有机质含量从西北向东南和沙漠南、北两侧向沙漠腹地递减;相对粒径、全氮、速效钾和有机质具有斑块状分布特征。从沙漠腹地到绿洲边缘,相对粒径从14.05μm递减到了9.22μm,古玛纳斯湖区土壤黏粒与绿洲边缘区域土壤黏粒相比减少了14.7倍。局部尺度下,土壤有机质、全氮、速效钾和速效磷最大值均出现在东坡底,硫酸根和钠离子含量最高值出现在西坡底。由此可知,土壤黏粒和粉粒以坡底含量最高,沙粒含量以坡顶最高,说明区域与局域尺度表层土壤均具有明显的空间变异特征,其变异的原因可能是物种分布和风力分选的直接作用结果。

The spatial distribution features of physical and chemical properties for eolian sand soil in southern Gurbantunggut Desert was studied by variance and Scheffe methods. The research results showed that at the regional scale, soil properties have obvious spatial variation characteristics, including soil p H, conductivity, and sulfate decreasing from west to east and from north to south; total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus and total phosphorus increase from west to east; organic matter decreases from northwest to southeast and surrounding of south and north to desert hinterland. Total nitrogen, available potassium and organic matter have a local patch shape distribution. Relative soil particle size diminishes from southeast to northwest,occasionally being patchiness. From edge of the desert hinterland to oasis, it decreases from 14.05 μm to 9.22 μ m.Relatively smaller soil particle spreads over in N44.6 °- N44.7 °and E88.5 °- E89 °with plaques. Compared with oasis fringe area,soil clay reduces 14.7 times in Manas lake area. In a local scale, soil properties characteristics are obviously different in interdunal depression and hills. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus maximum value appeared in eastern interdunal depression, and the content of sulfate and sodium ion's peak appeared at bottom of sunny slope.The highest content of soil clay and silt are at the bottom of the slope, whereas the highest content of sand is at the top.There are much better mechanical and soil fertility in interdunal depression.