基于遥感和GIS改进SRM融雪径流的模拟及分析

Simulation of Snowmelt Runoff Using SRM Based on GIS and Remote Sensing

融雪径流是内陆区重要的径流来源,径流模拟是水文预报的主要手段。本文选择克兰河流域为研究区,以2008年3-5月为例,基于遥感和GIS技术构建了一个改进SRM融雪径流模型,并引入DEM和遥感数据作为空间数据基础,以获取研究区雪深、雪盖、空间温度和降水信息。模拟结果表明:改进式模型能直观反映融雪径流的空间分布,反应融雪径流的变化过程;本模型模拟的2个优度指标为:Nash-Sutcliffe系数R2=0.83。和体积差Dv=6.81%;但由于对遥感数据质量要求较高,本模型对逐日径流量的细节模拟仍然存在一定误差。该研究方法及结果对高寒无资料区的径流预测具有重要意义。

Most water resources in inland come from snowmelt runoff.Runoff simulation is the main method of hydrological forecasting. In order to simulate the two- dementional runoff during the period of snowmelting, a new method based on Snowmelt Runoff Model and GIS technology has been put forward in this paper. Snow depth and snow cover were obtained from RS data. The spatial temperature and precipitation were gotten by interpolating based on the observed weather data from March to May in 2008 and the DEM. The results show that the new method could describe the snowmelt runoff process and improve the accuracy, the coefficient of Nash Sutcliffe is 0.83, and the volume difference of streamflow is 6.81%. This research would be helpful for the runoff forecast in alpine zone.