李弇后裔的迁徙经历与文化传承——《北史·序传》读后

An Exploration on the Migration of Li Yan’s Descendants and its Cultural Inheritance

李弇于西晋末年随宗族来到上邽,因逃亡姑臧而发迹。半个世纪后,李弇之孙李暠出任北凉国效谷县令,进而创建西凉国。与此相应,李氏宗族衍生出诸多大房支系,发展成为陇西最具影响的著姓。北魏太武帝平定河西,将李暠之孙李宝东迁平城。由于李宝第六子李冲在政治上腾达,陇西李氏在中原获得发展,跻身于门阀士族。但河阴之变使包括李氏在内的中原士族受到重创,李宝重孙李晓幸免于难之后定居清河,从而专注学行,将宗族经营成相州文化世家。北齐、北周至隋唐,李晓子孙坚守学行,家族文化传承不衰,培养出李大师、李延寿两代史家,撰写成史著《北史》和《南史》。《北史·序传》历述枝繁叶茂的李氏宗族,为了避免头绪错综,本文仅选取李弇至李延寿直系一支加以考察。从晋末到初唐,李弇宗族从将军门庭经门阀士族而脱胎成文化世家,其经历在宗族蜕变史上具有典型价值;而且,这支宗族屡经社会浮沉而不懈传承文化,具有促进中华文明整体升华的重大意义。

Li Yan gained his ascent as he fled to Guzang after came to Shanggui with his family at the end of the Western Jin Dynasty.Half a century later,his grandson,Li Hao,became the county magistrate of the Northern Liang,and then created the Western Liang Dynasty.Correspondingly,the Li multiplied many large branches and became the most influential surname in Longxi region.After unified Hexi region,Taiwu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty appointed his grandson,Li Baodong,to Pingcheng.As Li Chong,the sixth son of Li Bao,made great political progress,the Li gained power in the Central Plains and became one of the richest families there.However,the Heyin Incident ruined many clans,including the Li.Thereafter,Li Xiao,the great-grandson of Li Bao,and shifted his focus to study after settling down in Qinghe,thus leading his family to learning in Xiangzhou.From the Northern Qi Dynasty to the Northern Zhou,then the Sui&Tang Dynasties,Li Xiaos descendants carried on their studies for generations,of whom,Li Dashi and Li Yanshou,two historians,completed two great history books,one of which detailed the Li family.However,this article only focuses on the branch from Li Yan to Li Yanshou on its transformation from a warlord to learning family.This article holds that this transformation bears significant implications in promoting the overall rise of Chinese civilization.