语音·意义·对象——英加登文学语言现象学的三个维度

A Study of the Three Dimensions of Ingarden’s Literary Language Phenomenology:Linguistic Sound,Meaning and Object

英加登素以对文学作品的结构及其认识问题的研究而知名,但他所提出的文学作品结构理论实际上蕴含着一套十分完整的文学语言现象学理论。这一理论把文学语言划分为语音、意义和对象三个维度,并且主张语词对于对象的意指是一种意向性行为,从而为把胡塞尔的意向性理论运用于语言学问题提供了条件。在此基础上,英加登深入分析了从意识向语言的转化过程,认为语言对意识以及思想的再现是一种投射和创造,这就从根本上摆脱了近代哲学把语言看作传达思想的工具的观点,从而跨入了现代语言哲学的大门。这一努力对于我们克服当代思想中意识哲学和语言哲学的对立具有重要的启示意义。

Roman Ingarden has been well known for his study on the structures of literary works,especially the whole theory of literary language phenomenology that he put forward in those studies.According to Ingarden,there are three dimensions in literary language:linguistic sound,meaning and object.Based on Husserl’s theory of intentionality,Ingarden analyzed the process from consciousness to language,and held that language represents consciousness through projecting.This proposition should be regarded as a modern view of language,which will benefit us to deal better with the opposition between the philosophy of consciousness and philosophy of language.