中国传统逻辑思想的特质——以逻辑认知范式为坐标的考察

An Investigation on the Characteristics of Chinese Traditional Logic Thought:from the Perspective of Logic Cognitive Paradigm

在20世纪认知、理解和评价中国传统逻辑思想的实践中,西方逻辑学理论成为坐标与方法。在以西方逻辑学理论作为理解中国传统逻辑思想的坐标和方法的实践中,中国学者对中国传统逻辑思想特点展开了较为系统和深入的比较研究。由此研究所获得的结论有:与西方逻辑学理论比较,中国传统逻辑思想不是以'求得真理和规律'为目的,而是以求得实际效用为目的,追求逻辑的实用性,从而表现为'务实致用'的特点;中国传统逻辑推理强调通过直接接触事物获得知识,习惯于以此事物描述另一事物,具有感知与经验性,从而表现为'直观比拟'的特点;中国传统逻辑思想以讲述日常生活中的思维活动为任务,不注重论证的形式结构,只注重日常语言中的实际论证过程和应用性,从而表现为'非形式化'特点;中国传统逻辑思维方式注重综合性、整体性,而轻视分析性、个体性,从而表现为'综合整体'的特点;中国古代逻辑思维以'道'(境界或理念)为标准,以'道'为最高追求目标,从而表现为'‘道’为至上'特点。这些特点的揭示,不仅有助于全面、深入、准确地认识中国传统逻辑思想的特质,而且有助于丰富和发展中国传统逻辑思想内容。

The 20 th century witnessed the Chinese practice of taking Western logic theory as a method in recognizing,understanding and evaluating Chinese traditional logic thought.In this practice,Chinese scholars carried out a systematic and in-depth comparative study on the characteristics of Chinese traditional logic thought,based on which they had the following conclusions.Firstly,compared with the Western logic theory,Chinese traditional logic thought is not to seek truth and law,but the practical utility,thus showing a characteristic of pragmatic utility;Secondly,Chinese traditional logic thought emphasizes acquiring knowledge by going straight to things,by analyzing one thing to another,showing a characteristic of intuitive analogy.Thirdly,Chinese traditional logic thought orients in narrating thinking activities in daily life,paying much attention to actual argumentation process and response in daily language rather than its forms.Fourthly,Chinese traditional logic thought pays more attention to comprehensiveness and integrity,but neglects analyticity and individuality,thus showing a characteristic of a comprehensive wholeness.Lastly,Chinese traditional logic thought takes Tao as the highest goal pursuit,embodied by'Tao is supreme'.These findings helps not only to understand the characteristics of Chinese traditional logic thought comprehensively,thoroughly and accurately,but also to enrich and develop the content of Chinese traditional logic thought.