个体的诞生:晚明中国与西方近代个人之潮的殊异性蠡测

An Analysis of the Particularity between the Individualism in late Ming Dynasty and Western Modern Times: The Birth of Individual

晚明社会文人文化以唯美—颓废审美风格日益突破程朱儒家以'我们'优先的伦理秩序,显现出中国审美文化个性解放的曙光。相较于西方近代以人的理性为基础的个人主义理论,晚明文人文化所表现的个性解放则是以人之私欲为基础的非体系的言说。如果说前者是启蒙运动的结果,那么后者则更相近于西方文艺复兴时期的个性解放。从人文主义的大传统而言,二者都代表着人之为人的觉醒。跨文化比较视野下的晚明审美文化的个性解放研究,不仅为中国审美文化史提供了新颖的个案,而且具有独特的近现代思想史意义。

The literati culture represented by the social text surplus and literary surplus in the late Ming Dynasty broke through Cheng-Zhu Confucianism of'we'with aestheticism-decadence aesthetic style,which led to the commercialization of the social style and its trademark society in the late Ming Dynasty,indicting the dawn of the personality liberation of the Chinese aesthetic culture itself.Compared with the individualism theory based on human reason in the modern West,the personality liberation of literati culture in the late Ming Dynasty is a non-systematic statement based on the private desire of human beings.If the former is the result of the Enlightenment movement,the latter is more similar to the Renaissance in the West.As far as the great tradition of humanism is concerned,both represent the awakening of human beings.The study of personality liberation of aesthetic culture in the late Ming Dynasty from the perspective of crosscultural comparison not only provides a novel case for the history of Chinese aesthetic culture,but also has a unique significance in the history of modern thought.