在国家-社会和空间-行动者之间——当代中国城市社区建设的路径演变与理论因应

Between the Perspective of State-Social and Space-Actors——The Path Evolution and Theoretical Response of Urban Community Building in Contemporary China

作为转型的重要场所,城市社区建设经历了从生活空间到治理空间的路径演变,国家赋权和问题倒逼构成了演变的两个主要逻辑线索。在理论层面,关于城市社区建设的研究自20世纪80年代启动后持续至今,形成了"社区建设"研究和"社区建设研究"两种研究取向,经历了从国家-社会关系到空间-行动者的视角转换。这种视角转换主要是从宏观切到微观,对城市社区建设出现的新特征缺乏充分的解释和回应。科层结构视角从纵向政府间关系和横向部门间关系两个维度描述了城市社区建设中的组织逻辑,可以成为理解城市社区建设新趋势的一种补充。从科层结构视角出发,未来城市社区建设应当优化激励、约束和机会结构,通过调整组织运作逻辑弱化工具主义的建设情绪和政策取向。

As an important place for transformation,the model of urban community building has changed from living space to governance space,in which the state empowerment and social development are two main logical clues.Meanwhile,the research of urban community building continues from the beginning of 1980s,during which two research orientation including community building research and community building research have formed,and the research perspective has changed from state-social relationships to space-actors relationships.The change of research perspective mainly focus on macroscopic and microscopic dimensions,which could not provide sufficient explanation to the new features in the urban community building.The perspective of bureaucratic structure explains the organizational logic in the urban community building using two dimensions including vertical intergovernmental relations and horizontal inter-departmental relations,which makes it a complement to understand the new features of urban community building.According to the perspective of bureaucratic structure,the incentive,constraints,and opportunity structure of the organizational logic in urban community building should be optimized,in which weakness of the instrumentalism style of community building and policy orientation is needed urgently.