“伤寒”概念演变考

Evolution of concept of cold pathogenic diseases

经典中的"伤寒"在临床实际中随俗而变,"伤寒"的概念不断变化,渐趋宽泛,伤寒的内容不断扩充,即原来的伤寒在后世的临床中产生了相当大的变化。医源于疫,东汉末期《伤寒杂病论》成书源于伤寒流行的历史背景。晋至唐,出现了伤寒各家并存局面,伤寒学说呈现多元面貌。宋代伤寒的概念有所转变,从研究伤寒病转而研究《伤寒论》,出现许多伤寒专著。明清医家研究《伤寒论》态度立场分成三派(错简重订、维护旧论、辨证论治),为温病兴起留出空间。近代医家学术思想融汇伤寒、温病学说精华于一体,对热病证治的归纳总结不断提高。

The cold pathogenic diseases in classical works have changed according to conditions in the clinical practice. The concept is changing and gradually abroad,the contents are expanded continuously,which mean the original cold pathogenic diseases has taken place the great changes in later clinic. The epidemic diseases lead to the medicine. In Late Eastern Han Dynasty,Shanghan Zabing Lun( Treatise on Cold Pathogenic and Miscellaneous Diseases) came from the historical background of the cold pathogenic diseases prevalence. From Jin Dynasty to Tang Dynasty,there were many famous experts,and the theory of cold pathogenic diseases presented the diversified development. The concept of cold pathogenic diseases changed in Song Dynasty,from disease to Shanghan Lun( Treatise on Cold Pathogenic Diseases),and there were many treatises. The attitude and standpoint of physicians in Ming and Qing Dynasty on Shanghan Lun could be divided into three kinds,which advocated revise or maintenance or treatment based on syndrome differentiation respectively. It promoted the rise of febrile diseases. The academic thoughts of modern physicians take the essence of theories of cold pathogenic diseases and febrile diseases in combination,and the summary on the syndrome and treatment of fever diseases is constantly improved.