开闭链训练对前交叉韧带重建患者膝关节生物力学影响的研究进展

Biomechanical effects of open and close kinetic chain exercises on knee joint of patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction

综述经自体腘绳肌腱移植重建术后患者开闭链训练对膝关节造成的生物力学影响。在开链训练中,随着膝关节屈曲角度的增加,单独股四头肌收缩时,前交叉韧带所受负荷呈先上升后下降的趋势;单独腘绳肌收缩时,前交叉韧带所受负荷逐渐减小。在闭链训练中,标准深蹲训练对前交叉韧带可造成少量或不造成负荷,可通过脚跟着地或增加躯干前倾角以减少前交叉韧带所受负荷;与双腿深蹲相比,单腿深蹲造成的负荷峰值较大;在闭链蹬踏中,脚的位置及支撑面宽窄对前交叉韧带负荷无影响。

This paper reviews the biomechanical effects of open and close chain exercises on knee joint after reconstruction of autologous hamstring tendon grafts. By searching and collecting the relevant literatures,it finds that in the open chain exercises,with the increase of knee flexion angle,when the quadriceps femoris contracts separately,the load of anterior cruciate ligament shows the tread of first increase and then decrease; when the hamstring contracts separately,the load of anterior cruciate ligament is gradually decreased. While in the close chain exercises,the standard squat training produces a few or no load on the anterior cruciate ligament,which can be reduced by getting the heel on the ground or increasing the trunk anteversion; compare with the both legs squat,the load peak of anterior cruciate ligament in single leg squat is greater. In the close chain leg-press,the height of the feet and the width of the support surface show no effects on the load of anterior cruciate ligament.