我国玉米育种中美国改良Reid和78599种质的作用及其再利用

Research and utilization of Reid and 78599 germplasms in China

通过对美国改良Reid和78599种质历年在我国玉米育种和生产上的研究与应用分析表明,随着美国杂交种的引进以及5003和U8112等含Reid种质选系及其衍生系的问世,育成的一批优良杂交种,历年来对我国玉米育种和生产产生了巨大影响。但近年来,我国华北区主要应用的骨干系掖478和掖107等,因某些抗性丧失使其直接利用受到一定限制。因而我国玉米育种家引进美国改良Reid种质中含热带血缘的优质高抗高产杂交种78599和3382等成功地选育出高配高抗自交系铁7922和78599 3等,已育出大批优良杂交种正广泛应用于我国玉米生产。因此,如何及时有效利用上述两类近缘杂交广基重组种质,然后本着优中选优、优劣互补和不断更新的原则再人工创建近缘广基综合群体进行群体改良和自交选系,让其优良特性得到再利用,应引起我国玉米育种家的高度重视。

After introduction of Reid germplasms,a lot of hybrids were bred in China.But such germplasm was susceptible to diseases recently.The 78599,which belonged to tropical germplasms,was introduced.The new hybrids developed from 78599 performed high yield potential and disease resistance. The syntheses and improvement of the population Reid and 78599 were also discussed in this paper.