销售合同中损害赔偿责任的免责事由——从联合国国际货物销售公约到日本民法理论的方法论

本文旨在从对日本构建契约责任论的启示方面,对联合国货物销售公约第79条的免责制度进行探讨。本文阐述了对第79条所采用的对不履行和不适当给付加以区别的一元化方法的理解;阐明了公约将损害赔偿责任与履行请求权分离的立场;立足于从海牙公约到联合国公约的变迁的背景,指出第79条的免责原理采用了否定有责性的客观责任体系,主张合理地分配风险,并从中总结出对日本契约责任的归责构想的启示;讨论了公约第79条考虑风险分配的具体方法及其在实务中的应用;结论部分提出了公约中需深化理论研究的若干课题,作为日本今后开展民法契约责任论研究的重要问题。

Based on analyzing exception provision of Article 79 of United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods(1980)and the large amount of comments concerning it,the obligation system of contract in Japan domestic can gain the enlightenment from it and be put for-ward.Article 79 of The Convention distinguishes damages from specific performance,and provides that risk should be distributed between the two parties.As the conclusion the author points out certain issues concerning article 79 in Japan that shall be discussed in future.