论法律的概念——从民法典的角度

On The Legal Concept——In the View of Civil Code System

法律概念是组成法律的基本细胞,是法律思维与法律推理的基础。法律概念作为民法典系统大厦的一个构件,其具有规范性、抽象性、含义的模糊性以及专门性等特点。在民法典的体系建立中,为提供涵摄的目的而建构抽象概念,但是单凭涵摄的目的而建构抽象概念并不能组成有机的体系。一个开放的体系的建立需要类型的构造,同时也需法律原则的平衡与统帅。为了使民法典在千变万化的民事生活中具有广泛的适应力,需要很好地发挥法律概念的功能,但不能仅局限于通过字义解释方法。法律概念的构建应具有一定的确定性与普适性。概念的定义性规定具有一定的优点与不足,法律对这种定义性规定的方法应该持一种警惕性的态度。

Legal concept is the basic cell which constitutes the civil code system,the foundation of the legal thinking and reasoning.Standardization,abstraction,valuableness,specialization of connotations and the obscurity buried within certainty are all features of the legal concept.Legal concept plays an important role in the system constitution.However,there is a necessity for it to be developed as a legal type so as to exert its function.Meanwhile,the balance and guidance of the legal concept is also necessary.The role of the legal concept should be fully played in jurisdiction and the judicial right should be fully brought into playing in order to keep the vitality of the civil code not just by applying the legal concept said by Conceptualist Jurisprudence.In the law application,Legal concept shall have some certainty and wide application.There are some advantages as well as some disadvantages for the definition provisions of concepts.The law shall take a cautious attitude toward such methods of definition provisions.