美国成年人监护监督制度研究——兼议《中华人民共和国民法总则》的相关规定

Study on the Construction of Adult Guardianship Monitoring System

美国成年人监护监督制度经历了从无到有,逐渐发展成包括监护计划、监护报告、监护报告的审阅、惩罚措施、资金保障、社会参与等在内的制度体系,形成了一个全程保护欠缺行为能力成年人的法律系统。随着我国老龄化和高龄化形势严峻,《民法总则》中的监护监督制度存在主体空缺、实体法与程序法缺乏等问题,制度形同虚设,无法对监护人进行有效监督,导致被监护人处于权益随时可能遭受侵害的危险之中,因此,有必要在借鉴美国成年人监护监督立法与司法实践经验的基础上构建我国民法典中成年人监护监督的法律制度。

U.S.adult guardianship monitoring system experienced the process from nonexistence to pass into existence,from be only important to court to all social parties involved in and from attaching importance to judicial practice to attaching importance to legislation and then attaching importance to judicial and legislation.Then a relatively perfect legal system of protecting incapacitated adults was formed.The aging situation of China is grim,but there are problems such as lack of the main body,lack of substantive and procedural law in 'General Principles of the Civil Law'.The system is ineffective and unable to carry out effective supervision of the guardians.This will result the risk of being ignored and abused for the wards.Hence,it is necessary to learn experience form the legislation and judicial practive of U.S.guardianship monitoring system and build our adult guardianship monitoring system as soon as possible.