流质契约类型独立论

Theory of Independence on Fluidity Contract Type

我国实践中盛行的以'买卖合同'担保借款债务的新型担保交易方式,实际上是古老的流质契约法律制度在商品经济发达的现代社会中逐渐发展并成熟的结果。流质契约得以独立的债权合同形式存在,是一种独立于物的担保、人的担保的担保类型。流质契约作为债权合同之一种,应属于双务合同、主债权合同的从合同;而作为一类独立的担保,由其所产生的担保责任形态为有限财产责任。流质契约不仅与让与担保存在明显区别,而且也有异于代物清偿或者代物清偿预约。民法典分则编应对流质契约的法律本质予以重新确认,并在此基础上,重构流质契约法律制度,以保障融资安全并兼顾融资效率。

In our country,the new secured transaction method of using the'sales contract'as the guarantee for loans and debts prevails in real practice.As a matter of fact,it is developed from the fluidity contract in ancient times,which has gradually developed and matured as the commodity economy is now developed in modern society.Fluidity contract can exist in the form of independent contract for credit,and it can be considered a third guarantee type which is independent from material or personal guarantee.As a kind of contract for credit,the fluidity contract belongs to bilateral contract,the collateral contract of the main contract for credit.In the meantime,as a type of independent guarantee,the corresponding liability form is limited property liability.The fluidity contract differs much from alienation guarantee,moreover,it is different from datio in solutum or datio in solutum appointment.The specific provisions of Civil Code has re-confirmed the legal nature of the fluidity contract,on which basis,the fluidity contract legal system will be reconstructed to guarantee the security of financing while maintaining good efficiency.